Der KI-Werkzeugkasten

Vollständiger Quellennachweis dieses Dossiers. Die Links führen zu den Originalquellen.

1. Stanford HAI (2026). Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2026, Kapitel 2: Technical Performance. Stanford University, Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/ai_index_report_2026_chapter_2_technical.pdf
2. Stanford HAI (2025). Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2025. Stanford University, Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report
3. Menlo Ventures (2025). 2025: The State of Generative AI in the Enterprise. 9.12.2025; Befragung von rund 495 US-Entscheidern. (Investorenstudie; Menlo ist u. a. Anthropic-Investor.) https://menlovc.com/perspective/2025-the-state-of-generative-ai-in-the-enterprise/
4. Menlo Ventures (2024). 2024: The State of Generative AI in the Enterprise. (Investorenstudie.) https://menlovc.com/2024-the-state-of-generative-ai-in-the-enterprise/
5. Andreessen Horowitz (2025). AI in the Enterprise 2025. Qualitative Befragung von 100 CIOs aus Global-2000-Unternehmen, 10.6.2025. (Investorenstudie.) https://a16z.com/ai-enterprise-2025/
6. MIT Project NANDA (2025). The GenAI Divide: State of AI in Business 2025. Vorläufiger, nicht peer-reviewter Bericht (v0.1), Juli 2025; 52 interviewte Organisationen, 153 Führungskräfte-Befragungen, über 300 untersuchte Initiativen. https://mlq.ai/media/quarterly_decks/v0.1_State_of_AI_in_Business_2025_Report.pdf
7. Gartner (2024). Gartner Predicts 30% of Generative AI Projects Will Be Abandoned After Proof of Concept by End of 2025. Pressemitteilung, 29.7.2024. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-07-29-gartner-predicts-30-percent-of-generative-ai-projects-will-be-abandoned-after-proof-of-concept-by-end-of-2025
8. Gartner. 3 Bold and Actionable Predictions for the Future of GenAI. Gartner-Artikel (Analystenprognosen). https://www.gartner.com/en/articles/3-bold-and-actionable-predictions-for-the-future-of-genai
9. Europäische Union (2023). Verordnung (EU) 2023/2854 über harmonisierte Vorschriften für einen fairen Datenzugang und eine faire Datennutzung (Data Act). In Kraft seit 11.1.2024, anwendbar seit 12.9.2025; Kapitel VI: Art. 23–31. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32023R2854
10. Pinsent Masons. Switching and porting rules under the EU Data Act. Out-Law Guide. https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/guides/switching-porting-rules-eu-data-act
11. Google Cloud (2024). Eliminating data transfer fees when migrating off Google Cloud. 11.1.2024. https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking/eliminating-data-transfer-fees-when-migrating-off-google-cloud
12. Amazon Web Services (2024). Free data transfer out to internet when moving out of AWS. AWS News Blog, 5.3.2024. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/free-data-transfer-out-to-internet-when-moving-out-of-aws/
13. TechCrunch (2024). After AWS and Google, Microsoft says it’s removing Azure egress data transfer fees – but with caveats. 14.3.2024. https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/14/after-aws-and-google-microsoft-says-its-removing-azure-egress-data-transfer-fees-but-with-caveats/
14. DeepSeek (2025). DeepSeek-R1 Release. 20.1.2025; Gewichte unter MIT-Lizenz. https://api-docs.deepseek.com/news/news250120
15. CNBC (2025). Nvidia sheds almost $600 billion in market cap, biggest one-day loss in U.S. history. 27.1.2025. https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/27/nvidia-sheds-almost-600-billion-in-market-cap-biggest-drop-ever.html
16. Meta AI (2025). The Llama 4 herd: The beginning of a new era of natively multimodal AI innovation. 5.4.2025. (Herstellerangaben.) https://ai.meta.com/blog/llama-4-multimodal-intelligence/
17. Alibaba Cloud (2025). Alibaba Introduces Qwen3. April 2025; Apache-2.0-Lizenz, Modellgrößen 0,6B–235B. (Herstellerangaben.) https://www.alibabacloud.com/blog/alibaba-introduces-qwen3-setting-new-benchmark-in-open-source-ai-with-hybrid-reasoning_602192
18. OpenAI (2025). Introducing gpt-oss. 5.8.2025; gpt-oss-120b/-20b unter Apache 2.0. (Herstellerangaben.) https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpt-oss/
19. Mistral AI (2025). Mistral 3. 2.12.2025; Apache 2.0; Mistral Large 3 (MoE, 675B total/41B aktiv) und Ministral-Familie. (Herstellerangaben.) https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-3/
20. Fraunhofer IAIS/IIS (2024). OpenGPT-X: Teuken-7B veröffentlicht. Pressemitteilung, 26.11.2024; trainiert für alle 24 EU-Amtssprachen. https://www.iais.fraunhofer.de/en/press-events/press-releases/press-release-241126.html
21. The Decoder (2024). Aleph Alpha steigt aus dem KI-Wettlauf aus. Bericht über den Strategieschwenk zu PhariaAI. https://the-decoder.de/aleph-alpha-steigt-aus-dem-ki-wettlauf-aus/
22. OpenAI. Optimizing LLM Accuracy. Entwicklerleitfaden. https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/optimizing-llm-accuracy
23. Gao, Y. et al. (2023). Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Survey. arXiv:2312.10997. https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.10997
24. Ovadia, O., Brief, M., Mishaeli, M. & Elisha, O. (2023). Fine-Tuning or Retrieval? Comparing Knowledge Injection in LLMs. arXiv:2312.05934. https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05934
25. Amazon (2024). AWS plans to invest €7.8 billion into the AWS European Sovereign Cloud. 15.5.2024. https://www.aboutamazon.eu/news/aws/aws-plans-to-invest-7-8-billion-into-the-aws-european-sovereign-cloud
26. Amazon (2026). AWS launches AWS European Sovereign Cloud and announces expansion across Europe. Pressemitteilung, 15.1.2026. https://press.aboutamazon.com/aws/2026/1/aws-launches-aws-european-sovereign-cloud-and-announces-expansion-across-europe
27. InfoQ (2026). AWS European Sovereign Cloud – Bericht und Einordnung der Kritik (US-Jurisdiktion/CLOUD Act). https://www.infoq.com/news/2026/01/aws-european-sovereign-cloud/
28. Microsoft (2025). Announcing comprehensive sovereign solutions empowering European organizations. 16.6.2025. https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/06/16/announcing-comprehensive-sovereign-solutions-empowering-european-organizations/
29. Microsoft Deutschland (2024). Erste souveräne Cloud-Plattform für die deutsche Verwaltung auf der Zielgeraden. (Delos Cloud; Verträge September 2024, Rollout ab 2025.) https://news.microsoft.com/de-de/erste-souveraene-cloud-plattform-fuer-die-deutsche-verwaltung-auf-der-zielgeraden/
30. Schwarz Digits (2024). C5 Type 2 certificate: STACKIT receives confirmation of the highest security standards for cloud services. https://schwarz-digits.de/en/presse/archive/2024/c5-type-2-certificate-stackit-receives-confirmation-of-the-highest-security-standards-for-cloud-services
31. IONOS. AI Model Hub. Produktseite (Anbieterangaben; offene Modelle in deutschen Rechenzentren, kein Training auf Kundendaten). https://cloud.ionos.com/managed/ai-model-hub
32. Deutsche Telekom / T-Systems (2025). T-Systems launches AI Foundation Services. Pressemitteilung, 12.2.2025. https://www.telekom.com/en/media/media-information/archive/t-systems-launches-ai-foundation-services-1087430
33. OVHcloud (2025). AI Endpoints – General Availability. (GA Ende April 2025; über 40 offene Modelle.) https://corporate.ovhcloud.com/en/newsroom/news/ai-endpoints/
34. Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik. Cloud Computing Compliance Criteria Catalogue (C5:2020). https://www.bsi.bund.de
35. Heise online (2025). The dead live longer: EU cloud providers back Gaia-X. https: //www.heise.de/en/news/The-dead-live-longer-EU-cloud-providers-back-Gaia-X-10493666.html
36. EU Community of Practice on Public Procurement of AI (2025). Updated EU AI Model Contractual Clauses (MCC-AI). 5.3.2025; Varianten High-Risk und Light; unverbindlich. https://public-buyers-community.ec.europa.eu/communities/procurement-ai/resources/updated-eu-ai-model-contractual-clauses
37. Bitkom (2024, aktualisiert 2025). Generative KI im Unternehmen – Leitfaden. https://www.bitkom.org/Bitkom/Publikationen/Generative-KI-im-Unternehmen
38. Silicon Data. H100 Rental Price Over Time. Marktdatenübersicht (volatile Momentaufnahmen). https://www.silicondata.com/blog/h100-rental-price-over-time
39. Seeking Alpha (2026). Nvidia’s H100 GPU rental prices surge nearly 40% in 6 months – SemiAnalysis. (1-Jahres-Kontrakte: ca. 1,70 USD/h im Oktober 2025 auf ca. 2,35 USD/h im März 2026.) https://seekingalpha.com/news/4572260-nvidias-h100-gpu-rental-prices-surge-nearly-40-in-6-months-semianalysis
40. Anthropic (2025). Donating the Model Context Protocol and establishing the Agentic AI Foundation. 9.12.2025. (Anbieterangaben zu Verbreitungszahlen.) https://www.anthropic.com/news/donating-the-model-context-protocol-and-establishing-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation